Electromagnetic Fields

Giving basic electromagnetic knowledge required in the field of electronics.

1. Basic definitions and relations: Definitions of electric and magnetic field. Maxwell equations. Medium parameters. Source currents. Duality. Boundary conditions. Conditions for normal components. Conditions for tangential components. 2. Energy balance: The Poynting theorem. Application to harmonic sources. 3. Fields in the frequency domain. Complex notations. Polarization of a vector. Polarization parameters. The dielectric permittivity in the frequency domain. Conducting media. The conductivity in the frequency domain. Conductivity and dielectric permittivity. 4. Relations in the frequency domain: Maxwell equations in the frequency domain. Energy balance in the frequency domain.
5. Propagation: Wave equations in a weakly inhomogeneous medium. Fields in lossless weakly inhomogeneous media. Propagation. Relation between fields and propagation direction. Electromagnetic rays. Fermat principle and path length. 6. Plane waves: Waves in uniform media. Plane waves in uniform media. Relation between fields and propagation direction. Secondary parameters: Propagation constant, Intrinsic impedance. 7. Reflection and refraction of plane waves. Normal incidence. Dielectric materials. Lossy materials. Slanting incidence. 8. Transmission lines. Potentials and elements of guided propagation. Coaxial cables, rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides. 9. The electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic field of an elementary source. The far field. 10. General properties of antennas: Radiation parameters: Radiation pattern, Directivity and gain. Receiving antennas: Effective area. Link between effective area and directivity. Transmission between antennas.11. The electromagnetic risk and safety rules. The environmental electromagnetic field: natural and men made. Terrestrial and extra-terrestrial electromagnetic fields. Exposure to electromagnetic fields: in the environment, in residential places, in working places. Effects of electromagnetic fields on living bodies. Difficulty of the problem. Macroscopic and thermal effects on cells. Effects on the behaviour of human bodies. Safety rules.