Wireless Electromagnetic Technologies

The course provides the electromagnetic basis for the current and next generation wireless services including radio and video broadcasting, radar tracking, mobile and personal communications, networks of wireless sensors, wireless charging, radiofrequency identification and satellite links. Starting from the elementary concepts of radiation from basic antennas, the course introduces the theory, the computer modeling and the preliminary design methodologies of several classes of radiating systems such as dipoles, loops, patches, array, apertures and reflectors. The lessons will moreover present many applications to multimedia systems, smartphones and electronic contact-less payments with a particular focus to the emerging Internet of Things.

As a complement to the theory, the students will the opportunity to extensively train with an industrial computer tool for the automatic modeling and design of radiating devices.

1. INTRODUCTION TO ANTENNAS – essential chronology, radiation mechanisms, types of antennas 2. SOURCES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD – direct, induced, equivalent and image sources; radiation modeling 3. BASIC ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC DIPOLES – static and dynamic regimes (reactive and radiating field) 4. DISTRIBUTED SOURCES – Fraunhofer and Fresnel radiation regions 5. CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSMITTING ANTENNAS – radiation parameters: effective length, radiation intensity, directivity, gain, beamwidth, efficiency, polarization; Circuit parameters: input impedance; bandwidth 6. ELECTROMAGNETIC ANTENNA CAD: Method of Moments, the FEKO computer solver 7. BROADCASTING ANTENNAS – half-wave dipole antenna, input impedance, series and parallel resonance; quarter-wave monopole; Marconi antenna; loop antennas: small and large loop antennas; radiation diagram; input impedance, feeding techniques 8. ANTENNA SYSTEMS FOR RADIO BASE-STATIONS AND FOR RADIO-LOCALIZATION array factor; multiplication principle and total gain; aperture efficiency; uniform Array; chart of array factor; beam electronic scanning; Two-dimensional array. Beam Shaping (Fourier synthesis). Parasitic Array: Yagi Uda antenna
9. ANTENNAS FOR PERSONAL DEVICES (Smartphone, WIFI, GPS, Notebook, Tablet): slot and aperture antennas, patch integrated antennas, PIFA antennas, impedance matching, miniaturization, multi-layer antennas, antennas with circular polarization 10. ANTENNAS FOR BROADBAND AND MULTIMEDIA SERVICES thick Dipoles: biconical antennas, bow-tie; cylindrical antennas; self-scaling antennas: logarithmic spiral and log-periodic antennas; fractals antennas 11. SHORT-RANGE SYSTEMS, NETWORKS OF SENSOR AND RADIOFREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) Transmission links, characterization of receiving antennas, Friis formula, communication via backscattering, Radar formula; Active Sensor Networks; Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting, RFID systems for contactless micro-payments (Near Field Communication NFC), UHF RFID systems for logistics and sensors; Electromagnetic characterization of RFID tags 12. ANTENNA SYSTEMS FOR SATELLITE LINKS: parabolic reflector; system gain. Recommended textbooks 1. Lectures Notes: http://www.pervasive.ing.uniroma2.it/Alab_Teaching_TE.htm 2. C. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: analysis and design”, John Wiley & Sons, 1997 (ISBN 0-471-59268-4) 3. R.E. Collin, “Antennas and Radiowave Propagation”,McGraw-Hill, 1985, (ISBN-0-07-011808-6) 4. J.D. Krauss, R.J.Marhefka, “Antennas for all applications”, McGraw-Hill (ISBN 0-07-46321).

Gaetano Marrocco